This chapter can be translated using Google Translate (use your browser's translate option)
[{"height": 3075, "img_url": "snowmtl.ru/latest/hundred-spirit-helpers/38/0.webp", "translations": [{"bbox": ["69", "1295", "828", "1997"], "fr": "Les deux types d\u0027\u00e9ventails les plus courants en Chine sont les \u00e9ventails pliants et les \u00e9ventails ronds (Tuanshan). Les \u00e9ventails pliants, souvent orn\u00e9s de broderies, sont apparus bien plus tard que les \u00e9ventails ronds, mais leur facilit\u00e9 de transport les a rendus extr\u00eamement populaires. L\u0027\u00e9ventail en papier noir que ch\u00e9rit Zi Ming est un type d\u0027\u00e9ventail pliant. Ses baleines sont fabriqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de bambou d\u0027hiver ou de bambou palmier de haute montagne, \u00e2g\u00e9s de plus de six ans. La surface de l\u0027\u00e9ventail, en papier de m\u00fbrier, est enduite \u00e0 plusieurs reprises de laque de kaki, ce qui la rend noire et brillante, imperm\u00e9able \u00e0 la pluie, r\u00e9sistante au gauchissement par le soleil et tr\u00e8s durable. Des peintures color\u00e9es ou des feuilles d\u0027or et d\u0027argent sont ajout\u00e9es en guise de d\u00e9coration. L\u0027ensemble du processus de fabrication compte jusqu\u0027\u00e0 quatre-vingt-six \u00e9tapes, et toutes les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es sont naturelles.", "id": "DUA JENIS KIPAS YANG PALING UMUM DI TIONGKOK ADALAH KIPAS LIPAT DAN KIPAS BUNDAR, DIHIAS DENGAN METODE SULAMAN. KIPAS LIPAT MUNCUL JAUH LEBIH LAMBAT DARIPADA KIPAS BUNDAR, TETAPI KARENA MUDAH DIBAWA, KIPAS INI SANGAT POPULER. KIPAS KERTAS HITAM YANG DISAYANGI ZIMING ADALAH SALAH SATU JENIS KIPAS LIPAT, MENGGUNAKAN BAMBU MUSIM DINGIN ATAU BAMBU AREN GUNUNG YANG BERUSIA LEBIH DARI ENAM TAHUN SEBAGAI TULANG KIPAS, PERMUKAAN KIPAS KERTAS KULIT MURBEI DILAPISI BERULANG KALI DENGAN PERNIS KESEMEK, HITAM MENGKILAP, TAHAN AIR, TIDAK MELENGKUNG KARENA SINAR MATAHARI, DAN TAHAN LAMA, DITAMBAH DENGAN LUKISAN BERWARNA ATAU FOIL EMAS DAN PERAK SEBAGAI HIASAN, SELURUH PROSES PEMBUATANNYA MELIBATKAN HINGGA DELAPAN PULUH ENAM LANGKAH, SEMUA BAHAN BAKU YANG DIGUNAKAN ADALAH BAHAN ALAMI.", "pt": "OS DOIS TIPOS DE LEQUES MAIS COMUNS NA CHINA S\u00c3O O LEQUE DOBR\u00c1VEL E O LEQUE REDONDO. A DECORA\u00c7\u00c3O COM BORDADOS NOS LEQUES DOBR\u00c1VEIS SURGIU MUITO DEPOIS DOS LEQUES REDONDOS, MAS DEVIDO \u00c0 SUA PORTABILIDADE, TORNARAM-SE MUITO POPULARES. O LEQUE DE PAPEL PRETO QUE ZI MING TANTO PREZA \u00c9 UM TIPO DE LEQUE DOBR\u00c1VEL, FEITO COM BAMBU DE INVERNO OU BAMBU DE PALMEIRA DE MONTANHA COM MAIS DE SEIS ANOS PARA AS VARETAS, E PAPEL DE AMOREIRA PARA A SUPERF\u00cdCIE, REPETIDAMENTE REVESTIDO COM VERNIZ DE CAQUI, TORNANDO-O PRETO BRILHANTE, IMPERME\u00c1VEL \u00c0 CHUVA, RESISTENTE AO SOL E DUR\u00c1VEL. \u00c9 DECORADO COM PINTURAS COLORIDAS OU FOLHAS DE OURO E PRATA. TODO O PROCESSO ARTESANAL ENVOLVE AT\u00c9 OITENTA E SEIS ETAPAS, UTILIZANDO APENAS MAT\u00c9RIAS-PRIMAS NATURAIS.", "text": "THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES OF FANS IN CHINA ARE FOLDING FANS AND ROUND FANS. DECORATING WITH EMBROIDERY, FOLDING FANS APPEARED MUCH LATER THAN ROUND FANS, BUT DUE TO THEIR PORTABILITY, THEY BECAME VERY POPULAR. ZIMING\u0027S CHERISHED BLACK PAPER FAN IS A TYPE OF FOLDING FAN, USING WINTER BAMBOO OR HIGH MOUNTAIN BROWN BAMBOO OF SIX YEARS OR MORE FOR THE FAN RIBS. MULBERRY BARK PAPER FAN SURFACE IS REPEATEDLY COATED WITH PERSIMMON VARNISH, MAKING IT BLACK AND SHINY, IMPERVIOUS TO RAIN, AND RESISTANT TO SUN, DURABLE. IT IS DECORATED WITH COLORFUL PAINTINGS OR GOLD AND SILVER FOIL. THE ENTIRE PROCESS HAS UP TO EIGHTY-SIX STEPS, AND ALL THE RAW MATERIALS USED ARE NATURAL.", "tr": "\u00c7in\u0027de en yayg\u0131n iki yelpaze t\u00fcr\u00fc katlan\u0131r yelpazeler ve yuvarlak yelpazelerdir. Nak\u0131\u015fla s\u00fcslenen katlan\u0131r yelpazeler, yuvarlak yelpazelerden \u00e7ok daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ancak ta\u015f\u0131nabilirlikleri sayesinde \u00e7ok pop\u00fclerdirler.\nZi Ming\u0027in de\u011fer verdi\u011fi siyah ka\u011f\u0131t yelpaze, bir t\u00fcr katlan\u0131r yelpazedir. Yelpaze iskeleti i\u00e7in alt\u0131 y\u0131ldan eski k\u0131\u015f bambusu veya da\u011f palmiye bambusu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Dut a\u011fac\u0131 kabu\u011fu ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yelpaze y\u00fczeyine defalarca hurma verni\u011fi s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr; bu onu simsiyah ve parlak yapar, ya\u011fmur ge\u00e7irmez, g\u00fcne\u015fte e\u011filmez ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u0131lar. Renkli boyama veya alt\u0131n/g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f varaklarla s\u00fcslenir. T\u00fcm \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci seksen alt\u0131 ad\u0131ma kadar ula\u015f\u0131r ve kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm hammaddeler do\u011fald\u0131r."}, {"bbox": ["67", "957", "837", "1247"], "fr": "De nombreux mat\u00e9riaux sont utilis\u00e9s pour la fabrication des \u00e9ventails. La surface peut \u00eatre en plumes, feuilles, papier, soie, bois de santal, etc. Les baleines et le manche peuvent \u00eatre en bambou, bois, ivoire, \u00e9caille de tortue, jade, etc., et sont d\u00e9cor\u00e9s par gravure ou peinture.", "id": "ADA BANYAK BAHAN YANG DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MEMBUAT KIPAS, PERMUKAAN KIPAS BISA BERUPA BULU, DAUN, KERTAS, SUTRA, KAYU CENDANA, DAN LAIN-LAIN, TULANG DAN GAGANG KIPAS TERBUAT DARI BAMBU, KAYU, GADING, CANGKANG KURA-KURA, BATU GIOK, DLL., DIHIAS DENGAN CARA DIUKIR DAN DILUKIS.", "pt": "H\u00c1 MUITOS MATERIAIS USADOS PARA FAZER LEQUES. A SUPERF\u00cdCIE DO LEQUE PODE SER DE PENAS, FOLHAS, PAPEL, SEDA, S\u00c2NDALO, ETC. AS VARETAS E O CABO PODEM SER DE BAMBU, MADEIRA, MARFIM, CASCO DE TARTARUGA, JADE, ETC., DECORADOS COM ESCULTURAS E PINTURAS.", "text": "THERE ARE MANY MATERIALS USED TO MAKE FANS. THE FAN SURFACE CAN BE FEATHERS, LEAVES, PAPER, SILK, SANDALWOOD, ETC. THE FAN RIBS AND HANDLES ARE MADE OF BAMBOO, WOOD, IVORY, TORTOISESHELL, JADE, ETC., DECORATED THROUGH CARVING AND PAINTING.", "tr": "Yelpaze yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok malzeme vard\u0131r. Yelpaze y\u00fczeyi t\u00fcy, yaprak, ka\u011f\u0131t, ipek, sandal a\u011fac\u0131 vb. olabilir.\nYelpaze iskeleti ve sap\u0131 bambu, ah\u015fap, fildi\u015fi, ba\u011fa, ye\u015fim ta\u015f\u0131 gibi malzemelerden yap\u0131l\u0131r ve oyma ile boyama yoluyla s\u00fcslenir."}, {"bbox": ["69", "1295", "828", "1997"], "fr": "Les deux types d\u0027\u00e9ventails les plus courants en Chine sont les \u00e9ventails pliants et les \u00e9ventails ronds (Tuanshan). Les \u00e9ventails pliants, souvent orn\u00e9s de broderies, sont apparus bien plus tard que les \u00e9ventails ronds, mais leur facilit\u00e9 de transport les a rendus extr\u00eamement populaires. L\u0027\u00e9ventail en papier noir que ch\u00e9rit Zi Ming est un type d\u0027\u00e9ventail pliant. Ses baleines sont fabriqu\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de bambou d\u0027hiver ou de bambou palmier de haute montagne, \u00e2g\u00e9s de plus de six ans. La surface de l\u0027\u00e9ventail, en papier de m\u00fbrier, est enduite \u00e0 plusieurs reprises de laque de kaki, ce qui la rend noire et brillante, imperm\u00e9able \u00e0 la pluie, r\u00e9sistante au gauchissement par le soleil et tr\u00e8s durable. Des peintures color\u00e9es ou des feuilles d\u0027or et d\u0027argent sont ajout\u00e9es en guise de d\u00e9coration. L\u0027ensemble du processus de fabrication compte jusqu\u0027\u00e0 quatre-vingt-six \u00e9tapes, et toutes les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res utilis\u00e9es sont naturelles.", "id": "DUA JENIS KIPAS YANG PALING UMUM DI TIONGKOK ADALAH KIPAS LIPAT DAN KIPAS BUNDAR, DIHIAS DENGAN METODE SULAMAN. KIPAS LIPAT MUNCUL JAUH LEBIH LAMBAT DARIPADA KIPAS BUNDAR, TETAPI KARENA MUDAH DIBAWA, KIPAS INI SANGAT POPULER. KIPAS KERTAS HITAM YANG DISAYANGI ZIMING ADALAH SALAH SATU JENIS KIPAS LIPAT, MENGGUNAKAN BAMBU MUSIM DINGIN ATAU BAMBU AREN GUNUNG YANG BERUSIA LEBIH DARI ENAM TAHUN SEBAGAI TULANG KIPAS, PERMUKAAN KIPAS KERTAS KULIT MURBEI DILAPISI BERULANG KALI DENGAN PERNIS KESEMEK, HITAM MENGKILAP, TAHAN AIR, TIDAK MELENGKUNG KARENA SINAR MATAHARI, DAN TAHAN LAMA, DITAMBAH DENGAN LUKISAN BERWARNA ATAU FOIL EMAS DAN PERAK SEBAGAI HIASAN, SELURUH PROSES PEMBUATANNYA MELIBATKAN HINGGA DELAPAN PULUH ENAM LANGKAH, SEMUA BAHAN BAKU YANG DIGUNAKAN ADALAH BAHAN ALAMI.", "pt": "OS DOIS TIPOS DE LEQUES MAIS COMUNS NA CHINA S\u00c3O O LEQUE DOBR\u00c1VEL E O LEQUE REDONDO. A DECORA\u00c7\u00c3O COM BORDADOS NOS LEQUES DOBR\u00c1VEIS SURGIU MUITO DEPOIS DOS LEQUES REDONDOS, MAS DEVIDO \u00c0 SUA PORTABILIDADE, TORNARAM-SE MUITO POPULARES. O LEQUE DE PAPEL PRETO QUE ZI MING TANTO PREZA \u00c9 UM TIPO DE LEQUE DOBR\u00c1VEL, FEITO COM BAMBU DE INVERNO OU BAMBU DE PALMEIRA DE MONTANHA COM MAIS DE SEIS ANOS PARA AS VARETAS, E PAPEL DE AMOREIRA PARA A SUPERF\u00cdCIE, REPETIDAMENTE REVESTIDO COM VERNIZ DE CAQUI, TORNANDO-O PRETO BRILHANTE, IMPERME\u00c1VEL \u00c0 CHUVA, RESISTENTE AO SOL E DUR\u00c1VEL. \u00c9 DECORADO COM PINTURAS COLORIDAS OU FOLHAS DE OURO E PRATA. TODO O PROCESSO ARTESANAL ENVOLVE AT\u00c9 OITENTA E SEIS ETAPAS, UTILIZANDO APENAS MAT\u00c9RIAS-PRIMAS NATURAIS.", "text": "THE TWO MOST COMMON TYPES OF FANS IN CHINA ARE FOLDING FANS AND ROUND FANS. DECORATING WITH EMBROIDERY, FOLDING FANS APPEARED MUCH LATER THAN ROUND FANS, BUT DUE TO THEIR PORTABILITY, THEY BECAME VERY POPULAR. ZIMING\u0027S CHERISHED BLACK PAPER FAN IS A TYPE OF FOLDING FAN, USING WINTER BAMBOO OR HIGH MOUNTAIN BROWN BAMBOO OF SIX YEARS OR MORE FOR THE FAN RIBS. MULBERRY BARK PAPER FAN SURFACE IS REPEATEDLY COATED WITH PERSIMMON VARNISH, MAKING IT BLACK AND SHINY, IMPERVIOUS TO RAIN, AND RESISTANT TO SUN, DURABLE. IT IS DECORATED WITH COLORFUL PAINTINGS OR GOLD AND SILVER FOIL. THE ENTIRE PROCESS HAS UP TO EIGHTY-SIX STEPS, AND ALL THE RAW MATERIALS USED ARE NATURAL.", "tr": "\u00c7in\u0027de en yayg\u0131n iki yelpaze t\u00fcr\u00fc katlan\u0131r yelpazeler ve yuvarlak yelpazelerdir. Nak\u0131\u015fla s\u00fcslenen katlan\u0131r yelpazeler, yuvarlak yelpazelerden \u00e7ok daha sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ancak ta\u015f\u0131nabilirlikleri sayesinde \u00e7ok pop\u00fclerdirler.\nZi Ming\u0027in de\u011fer verdi\u011fi siyah ka\u011f\u0131t yelpaze, bir t\u00fcr katlan\u0131r yelpazedir. Yelpaze iskeleti i\u00e7in alt\u0131 y\u0131ldan eski k\u0131\u015f bambusu veya da\u011f palmiye bambusu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Dut a\u011fac\u0131 kabu\u011fu ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yelpaze y\u00fczeyine defalarca hurma verni\u011fi s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr; bu onu simsiyah ve parlak yapar, ya\u011fmur ge\u00e7irmez, g\u00fcne\u015fte e\u011filmez ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u0131lar. Renkli boyama veya alt\u0131n/g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f varaklarla s\u00fcslenir. T\u00fcm \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci seksen alt\u0131 ad\u0131ma kadar ula\u015f\u0131r ve kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm hammaddeler do\u011fald\u0131r."}, {"bbox": ["157", "251", "623", "454"], "fr": "LE PETIT COURS D\u0027ADA DES CENT ARTISANS : L\u0027ARTISANAT DE L\u0027\u00c9VENTAIL", "id": "KELAS MINI BAIGONG ADA - PROSES PEMBUATAN KIPAS", "pt": "A PEQUENA AULA DE A\u0027DA SOBRE ARTESANATO: A ARTE DE FAZER LEQUES", "text": "ADA\u0027S BAIGONG SMALL CLASS - FAN MAKING CRAFT", "tr": "Ada\u0027n\u0131n Y\u00fcz Zanaatk\u00e2r Mini Dersi - Yelpaze Yap\u0131m Sanat\u0131"}, {"bbox": ["103", "3036", "797", "3074"], "fr": "", "id": "", "pt": "", "text": "...", "tr": ""}, {"bbox": ["103", "3036", "797", "3074"], "fr": "", "id": "", "pt": "", "text": "...", "tr": ""}], "width": 900}, {"height": 50, "img_url": "snowmtl.ru/latest/hundred-spirit-helpers/38/1.webp", "translations": [], "width": 900}]
Manhua